Core Concepts

Citation Tracking

How Prominara tracks when AI platforms mention your brand.

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Citation tracking monitors when AI search engines mention your brand in their responses. It's how you measure the ROI of your GEO efforts.

How It Works

  1. Define your brand - Set up the brand name and variations to track
  2. Create validations - Write prompts that represent how users search for your topic
  3. Run validations - We query AI platforms with your prompts
  4. Analyze results - See if and how your brand was mentioned

Why We Run a Prompt More Than Once

Answer engines are probabilistic. Ask the same question twice and you can get two different sets of brands. A rate built from a single run is a coin flip reported as a fact, so prompts you mark for measurement are run repeatedly, and against alternate phrasings of the same question as well as the original.

Those alternate phrasings are generated once and then frozen for the life of the prompt. If the question changed between scans, every week-over-week comparison built on it would be meaningless.

Repeated sampling produces two honesty signals shown next to the rate:

  • Repeat agreement - Whether identical runs of the same phrasing agree with each other
  • Phrasing spread - How far apart the rates for different phrasings of the same question sit

Together they resolve into an answer stability label — stable, variable, or volatile — so a prompt that looks strong on paper but flips on rewording is visibly flagged rather than quietly averaged in.

On a change's detail page, the generalization readout now reports citation rate per wording — the tracked phrasing and each frozen paraphrase side by side, before and after your change, never pooled into one number. A phrasing that only Prominara ever asked (a paraphrase you never tracked yourself) shows the post-change rate on its own, judged against the tracked wording's post rate. Pooling paraphrases would silently shift the estimand mid-experiment; reading them one row at a time shows which wordings the change actually generalized to.

Mentioned Is Not Cited

Every run records two separate facts, and we never merge them into one number:

  • Mentioned - Your brand name appeared in the answer text
  • Cited - Your domain appeared in the sources listed underneath the answer

They have different causes. Being named without being linked usually means the model already knew you and didn't need to fetch your page. Being linked without being named means your page won the retrieval but lost the sentence.

Did the AI Search at All?

Before an engine can cite you it has to retrieve something. We record whether retrieval actually happened on each run, which splits "not cited" into two different problems:

  • The engine never searched - It answered from what it already carried. Nothing you published that week could have been read. This is an entity/authority problem.
  • The engine searched and picked someone else - Retrieval happened and a competitor won the source slot. This is the one your next page can actually fix.
The full sampling, control-group, and evidence-grading protocol is published at Methodology.

Three Kinds of Question, Read Separately

Every prompt you track is one of three kinds, and each answers a different question about your brand. They are reported side by side and never averaged into one number.

Discovery

Questions that never mention your name — "best CRM for startups". If an engine names you here, you were genuinely found.

Your brand

Questions that name you — "is Acme any good?". These test whether what the engine says about you is accurate and how it feels about you, not whether you were found.

Comparison

Questions that name a rival — "Acme vs Contoso". These test where you land when a buyer is weighing you against someone specific.
Only Discovery questions count toward your headline visibility and citation rates. A question that already contains your name will hand it back to you, so folding those answers into the rate inflates it. Brand questions feed accuracy and sentiment; comparison questions feed competitive positioning. Engines routinely recognize a brand by name while never surfacing it for the generic questions where customers actually discover products, and one blended rate hides that gap entirely.

The kind is decided when the prompt is created and stays fixed unless you edit the question itself — so a rate never shifts meaning underneath a week-over-week comparison.

Validation Results

For each validation, we capture:

  • Citation status - Whether your brand was mentioned, cited, or both
  • Sentiment - Positive, neutral, or negative context
  • Competitors - Other brands mentioned in the response
  • Full response - The complete AI-generated answer
  • Sources cited - Links the AI referenced (where available)
  • Answer stability - Repeat agreement and phrasing spread, on sampled prompts

Supported Platforms

ChatGPT

We use OpenAI's Responses API with web search enabled to get real-time, search-grounded answers.

Perplexity

We use Perplexity's Agent API for search-augmented responses with source citations.

Google AI (Gemini)

We use Gemini with live Google Search grounding for the conversational Google AI surface.

Google AI Overviews

We fetch real Google Search results (DataForSEO) and capture the AI Overview block, its cited sources, and any brand mentions.

Google AI Mode

We fetch Google's conversational AI Mode answers via DataForSEO. Opt-in per brand; available in English-language markets.

Best Practices for Validations

  • Use realistic queries - Write prompts the way real users ask questions
  • Keep all three kinds - Discovery tells you whether you are found, brand questions tell you what is being said, comparison questions tell you where you land against a rival
  • Follow the buying journey - Cover the whole path, from someone describing a problem to someone ready to buy, not just the shortlist moment
  • Monitor category terms - "Best [category] for [use case]" queries
You don't have to assemble that balance by hand. When you build a prompt set, Prominara reads your site and drafts a set sized to your plan that already spans the three kinds of question and the stages of the buying journey — see Validation Tracking.
Example validation prompts:
  • "What are the best tools for tracking AI citations?"
  • "Compare Asana vs Monday for team collaboration"
  • "How do I improve my website's AI visibility?"
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